about bone cancer

Skeleton is the body's bracket, resulting in the actions of human beings involves important organization. Although the bone accounts for an important part of the body, each X-ray film can be seen in almost bone, but few will come across bone.
Skeletal system and other organs will suffer from the same ingredients of any organization tumor or metastatic lesions from other organs. Violations of bone tumor, can occur in bone cells and hematopoietic elements of bone, cartilage, and fibrous or synovial component. Other skeletal muscle tumor can come from nerves, blood vessels and adipose tissue and so on.
Osteoma osteoma can be divided into benign, low-grade malignant osteoma osteoma with a high degree of three kinds. Benign bone tumor is not fatal to humans, malignant osteoma of its organization and normal cells is not harmful to human death, and transferred to other tissues and organs. Benign osteoma sometimes transformed into malignant bone cancer. (In the TV series "New Everlasting Love," the actress Liu Min is contracting this disease, died.)
Bone a real reasons, it is still not very clear, but may be related to excessive bone growth, chronic inflammation, metabolic defects, and radiation and other factors. The pathological types of bone cancer, including multiple myeloma, bone sarcoma, soft sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, etc., the most common malignant bone disease trillion is transferred to a bone cancer, especially in the spine and pelvic bone the most common.
Diagnosis of osteoma is mainly to identify it as benign, low-grade and high grade, which occurred in age, sex and the occurrence of a very closely related sites. So it depends on the patient, orthopedic surgeons, radiology physicians and pathologists work together in order to do the four aspects of the most accurate early diagnosis and the best therapeutic effect.
Bone refers to the skeletal system and other organs will suffer from the same tumor or from any organization component of the metastatic lesions from other organs. Criminals and bone tumors, can occur in bone cells and hematopoietic elements of bone, cartilage, and fibrous or synovial component.

Clinical symptoms and history.
Conventional physical and biochemical examination.
Radiology examination:
Bone of the affected part for general X-ray photography, angiography, and lymphatic vessels photography check imaging Ke Yi photographs the nature of malignant and benign bone tumor in the differential diagnosis, the reliability of an experienced radiologist up to 90%, In particular, computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and nuclear medicine isotope bone scan and other tests, its accuracy faster and more convenient.
The histopathological report revealed, its methods can be divided into three kinds:
【1】 needle sampling inspection, the success rate of 80 ~ 90%.
【2】 to cut out cut sampling inspection.
【3】 resection or curettage of pathologic examination: pathological examination by the pathologist according to biopsy tissue of the pathological changes
Into a final correct diagnosis.

Of tumor resection or curettage and bone grafting at the same time so that patients can be cured. Patients sometimes need to do spinal decompression and radiotherapy. Occasional relapse after second surgery required to line. May have locally invasive tumor, hateful, and place into a lung metastasis of osteosarcoma.
Despite chemotherapy, in osteosarcoma therapy, amputation surgery, or an emergency treatment measures. And effective progress in the chemical drugs, will lead the reform of the long-term follow treatment, especially in the time of amputation, level and radiation parts dosage change.
The United States now use selective amputation method. The literature in the United Kingdom about 1 / 3 of patient to begin to make an amputation, and most patient, using Cade method is amputated for a chance to survive the person, that is, the use of radiation treatment (radiation dose was 80Gy) 6 months No lung metastasis. In the past statistics, primary and secondary amputation survival is similar, some people think that an early amputation, resection of tumor, there is risk of local recurrence, using Cade method can be avoided in the short term before the death of unnecessary amputations, but the to make such a determination is often difficult.
In recent years, amputation and limb-sparing surgery on the controversy more and more, the majority that the two-year survival rate between the two the same, so keep limbs out of surgery to identify patients who are willing to accept, but they are costly.
Bone cancer treatment outcomes with cell type, tumor differentiation and each host effects and other factors.
If a long bone in the limb bone, due to easier to find that the transfer of a slow and easy treatment, treatment should be higher than long bones in the trunk, a good person.
Because of medical advances, patients, surgery, radiology and pathology of general practitioners and other four areas of cooperation, has made the treatment of malignant bone cancer after a five-year survival rate from the 15-20% to 60-70%.
For the pain can not be explained, as soon as possible to identify possible reasons, do not overlook the possibility of bone cancer. If early detection, early treatment, but lost because of the hand or leg amputation is not a pity to lose precious lives is regrettable, not to mention prosthetic and rehabilitation of the science and technology is developed, the same prosthesis will accompany you had a happy life.

Surgical treatment of benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions with surgical curettage or excision. Surgery as thorough in order to avoid recurrence or malignant cause, but should be kept in limb function. For malignant tumors in order to save lives off the nose should be based only on the premise without lowering the survival rate in order to consider retaining the physical problem. The current methods commonly used in surgical curettage, excision, cut except surgery, bone tumor resection and distal segment replantation of limbs, amputation, and joint operation from the off.
Curettage of bone tumors is to include wall incision will be one of the tumor tissue curettage clean. This procedure applies to the inner metacarpal and phalangeal enchondroma, bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma of bone and scope of the smaller giant cell tumor of bone. Tumor cavity left after curettage bone block can be filled.
Resection is the highlight will be the growth of bone tumor removed from its base of operations, mainly applicable to osteochondroma. Removal of the tumor should be included in the cartilage cap, surrounded by fibrous tissue cap and full basement.
In addition to surgery is to cut the section of the backbone of the entire tumor resection. Apply to damage a wider range of giant cell tumor and some low-grade malignant tumors such as fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and so on. In addition to the backbone of cut-off after the others left without repair, such as defects in the proximal fibula and distal ulna, most will need to use artificial joints, allogeneic or autologous bone for bone repair.
Tumor resection and distal limb segment replantation replantation surgery is a new development. The section of the tumor body, including skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and bones removed the whole paragraph, and then transplanted to the proximal to the distal limb. This procedure applies to low-grade malignant upper extremity tumors, such as fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and so on.
Amputation or joint blending breaking surgery technique is disabled, you must carefully study and fully discuss the test of necessity can impose. Surgery aimed at saving lives and, therefore, once the decision should not delay the time to be implemented as soon as possible. For the transfer of advanced cancer has been visceral, local tumor enormous pain and severe, in order to reduce the pain, but also can be used for palliative amputation.
Bone metastases and pain sensitivity is a phalanx bone metastases outside the primary carcinoma metastasis to the bone as a secondary malignancy. About 15% of cancer patients with bone metastasis, more common in red bone marrow containing bone, such as the skull, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, and bone and joint, long bone of the metaphysis. In a variety of malignant lesions in the development process, have the possibility of bone metastasis. Bone metastases is considered the most common causes of cancer pain, more recent study found that pain caused by bone metastases mechanism involves the tumor cells to bone or periosteal nociceptors imposed on the chemical and mechanical stimulation. Tumors caused by bone destruction, pathologic fractures, tumors involving the periosteum, nerve invasion, and tumor release of neurotransmitter receptors to activate fliers damage caused by the reason cancer pain. In addition, persistent pain can lead to nociceptor sensitization (for damage or non-noxious stimulus-response over).
The development of bone metastasis and poor prognosis of bone metastases can occur in the spinal vertebrae, leading to vertebral syndrome. Severe fractures of the spine can cause damage to the spinal cord compression vertebral displacement, if not treated timely or properly, patients can appear in the lesion paraplegic below the plane, in the partial or complete paraplegia patients, about more than 1 / 4 of the patients complained of The following are burning plane like paraplegia pain, numbness, tingling sample, Daojiao like pain, like pain, and convulsions. Paraplegic patients with pain associated with painful and often pain control is difficult.
Tumor invasion and destruction of bone structure, locally produced prostaglandins. Prostaglandins have a role in the nerve sensitization, manifested as reduced pain threshold of patients played a "multiplier" effect, so that a slight pain to stimulate the amplification of severe pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as acetaminophen, nimesulide, etc.) can inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reduced local prostaglandin levels, raising the pain threshold to achieve the purpose of analgesia. It is also felt that opioid drugs in combination in patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase the analgesic effect of the truth. Thus, in the treatment of bone metastases pain, the recommended opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination. In addition, tumor necrosis factor (TNFa) as a chemical transmitter, can be secreted by different types of tumors, can cause abnormal pain and abnormal burning sensation. Growth factor, interleukin 1, bradykinin and other factors are also factors that increase the pain of bone metastasis. Therefore, effective way to control the pain of bone metastasis should be included to prevent bone destruction and reduce nerve sensitivity and processing of pathological fracture.