Rectal Cancer Care Measures
Time:2009-11-05 16:08 Author:admin Hits:
Is a common digestive tract cancer, gastric cancer incidence after. Multi-age of onset between the ages of 30 to 60, more men than women, if early detection and timely treatment and better prognosis. At present the cause is not clear, and rectal polyps, chronic inflammation and genetic factors. According to pathological changes can be divided into infiltrative type, ulcer type and cauliflower-type. Their diversion channels to direct spread, lymph node metastasis, hematogenous metastasis and peritoneal seeding.
[Clinical features]
1, changes in bowel habits diarrhea or constipation, defecation not the flu, stool progressive thinning, late stage tenesmus.
2, hematochezia, one common symptoms of rectal cancer. The early stages, 50% of patients had blood in the stool to begin bleeding less, found in faeces surface after infection Nongxue it.
3, chronic intestinal obstruction, the abdominal swelling, bowel sounds hyperactivity and paroxysmal cramps.
4, systemic cachexia with advanced cancer, the patient developed anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, jaundice, ascites and so on.
5, digital rectal examination to reach mass, bloody gloves, sticky mucus.
6, abdominal distension and advanced liver large, ascites, abdominal distension leads to a patient.
7, sigmoid colon, rectum cancer observed microscopic morphology, color, location.
[Nursing]
1, preoperative care
(1) Psychological care: the need for a permanent colostomy, the patient will bring inconvenience and emotional burden of daily life should be concerned about the patient, made it clear that the need for surgery, the best mental state to be able to receive surgical treatment .
(2) to enhance nutrition, correct anemia, increase body resistance. As far as possible to give high-protein, high-calorie, high vitamin, low residue diet is easy to digest in order to increase tolerance of surgery.
(3) Adequate bowel preparation in order to increase the success rate of surgery and safety.
(4) 3 days before surgery to inhibit intestinal bacterial antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection.
(5) 3 days before surgery to the liquid, preoperative fasting 1, in order to reduce waste and easy to clean bowel.
(6) The preoperative condition of patients on the 1st line of the whole gut lavage, lavage effect should also be observed.
2, post-operative care
(1) to observe the patient's condition changes in vital signs and observe the situation of the wound oozing.
(2), after fasting, gastrointestinal decompression to restore bowel movement after eating. Diet should be gradual.
(3) to maintain unobstructed drainage and irrigation and drainage tube was prescribed from time to time.
(4) Long-term Purchase catheter, shall be cleaned daily urethra to prevent urinary tract infections.
(5) Keep the skin around the stoma clean and dry, can be coated with zinc oxide ointment or Lithospermum oil.
(6) Provide for the care of artificial anus.
[Health education]
1, dietary guidance for patients, bowel movement after the resumption before consumption. In order to digest food mainly to avoid too thin or too thick fiber foods. Eat soy products, eggs, fish, etc., so that stool dry and easy to clean deal.
2, the church proper grasp of the patient activity intensity, to avoid over-abdominal pressure caused by increased activity of artificial anal mucosa prolapse.
3, so that the patient grasp the application method of artificial anus bag. Bags should be preceded with the anus with water to wash the skin around the anus suitable elastic bag to keep clean to avoid infection and reduce odor.
4, guiding the care of patients master the artificial anus, timing refers to expand, if found to narrow or bowel difficulties, promptly to the hospital for review.
[Clinical features]
1, changes in bowel habits diarrhea or constipation, defecation not the flu, stool progressive thinning, late stage tenesmus.
2, hematochezia, one common symptoms of rectal cancer. The early stages, 50% of patients had blood in the stool to begin bleeding less, found in faeces surface after infection Nongxue it.
3, chronic intestinal obstruction, the abdominal swelling, bowel sounds hyperactivity and paroxysmal cramps.
4, systemic cachexia with advanced cancer, the patient developed anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, jaundice, ascites and so on.
5, digital rectal examination to reach mass, bloody gloves, sticky mucus.
6, abdominal distension and advanced liver large, ascites, abdominal distension leads to a patient.
7, sigmoid colon, rectum cancer observed microscopic morphology, color, location.
[Nursing]
1, preoperative care
(1) Psychological care: the need for a permanent colostomy, the patient will bring inconvenience and emotional burden of daily life should be concerned about the patient, made it clear that the need for surgery, the best mental state to be able to receive surgical treatment .
(2) to enhance nutrition, correct anemia, increase body resistance. As far as possible to give high-protein, high-calorie, high vitamin, low residue diet is easy to digest in order to increase tolerance of surgery.
(3) Adequate bowel preparation in order to increase the success rate of surgery and safety.
(4) 3 days before surgery to inhibit intestinal bacterial antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection.
(5) 3 days before surgery to the liquid, preoperative fasting 1, in order to reduce waste and easy to clean bowel.
(6) The preoperative condition of patients on the 1st line of the whole gut lavage, lavage effect should also be observed.
2, post-operative care
(1) to observe the patient's condition changes in vital signs and observe the situation of the wound oozing.
(2), after fasting, gastrointestinal decompression to restore bowel movement after eating. Diet should be gradual.
(3) to maintain unobstructed drainage and irrigation and drainage tube was prescribed from time to time.
(4) Long-term Purchase catheter, shall be cleaned daily urethra to prevent urinary tract infections.
(5) Keep the skin around the stoma clean and dry, can be coated with zinc oxide ointment or Lithospermum oil.
(6) Provide for the care of artificial anus.
[Health education]
1, dietary guidance for patients, bowel movement after the resumption before consumption. In order to digest food mainly to avoid too thin or too thick fiber foods. Eat soy products, eggs, fish, etc., so that stool dry and easy to clean deal.
2, the church proper grasp of the patient activity intensity, to avoid over-abdominal pressure caused by increased activity of artificial anal mucosa prolapse.
3, so that the patient grasp the application method of artificial anus bag. Bags should be preceded with the anus with water to wash the skin around the anus suitable elastic bag to keep clean to avoid infection and reduce odor.
4, guiding the care of patients master the artificial anus, timing refers to expand, if found to narrow or bowel difficulties, promptly to the hospital for review.
